Relevant

=More Stuff=



the MLA Handbook is Useful

=What We Read This Year=

**All Classes**

**BOOKS**
//MAUS I//, //MAUS II// (Art Spiegelman) //Freakonomics// (Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner) //Turn of the Screw// (Henry James) //1984// (George Orwell) //Your non-fiction book//

**ESSAYS**
"Letter from Birmingham Jail" (Martin Luther King Jr.) "The Singer Solution to World Poverty" (Peter Singer)  (Mortimer Adler) "Fail" (Chuck Klosterman) "Consider the Lobster" (David Foster Wallace) "The Holocaust" (Bruno Bettelheim) "Marrying Absurd" (Joan Didion) "Remembering My Childhood on the Continent of Africa" (David Sedaris) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"A Modest Proposal" (Jonathan Swift) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Anger" (George Lakoff) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Thinking in Pictures" (Temple Grandin) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"The Rhetoric of Advertising" (Stuart Hirschberg) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Politics and the English Language" (George Orwell) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Why I Write" (George Orwell)

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**EXCERPTS**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"How Many Rhetorics?", chapter 1 from //The Rhetoric of Rhetoric// (Wayne C. Booth) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">excerpt from //De Oratore// (Cicero) [in the packet with "The Rhetoric of Rhetoric"] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">//Rhetoric// (Aristotle) book 1, chapter 2 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">//The Little Book of Plagiarism//, chapter 4 (Richard A. Posner) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">//Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television// excerpt (Jerry Mander) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"The Rattler" (excerpt from //The Road of a Naturalist//) (Donald Culross Peattie)

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**SPEECH PROJECT**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">//(use your group's assigned speech)// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Give Liberty or Give Me Death" (Henry) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"The Gettysburg Address" (Lincoln) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Checkers"/"The Fund Speech" (Nixon) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Inauguration Address" (Kennedy) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"I Have a Dream" (King) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Address to the American People on the Challenger Tragedy" (Reagan)

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**SATIRE PACKET**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Patriot Game" from "U.S.A. Patriot Pledge" a satirical brochure written by the Yes Men; distributed in 2004 rpt. in//Harper's// "Readings" section, February 2005 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Roommate Watch" by Slawomir Mrozek from "Reports" in the February issue of //Index on Censorship// rpt. in //Harper's//"Readings" section, July 1985 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"Camera Obscura" from guidelines issue by the publisher Steck-Vaughn rpt. in //Harper's// "Readings" section, May 2004 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">excerpt from //A Clockwork Orange// by Anthony Burgess, rpt. in //Reflections on Language//, Edited by Stuart and Terry Hirschberg <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"How to Lay Off Your Kids" by Carina Chocano in //Disquiet, Please!: More Humor Writing from// The New Yorker, Edited by David Remnick and Henry Finder.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**FILM**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">//The Thin Blue Line// (Erroll Morris) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">also see the booklet on AP Central Using Documentary Film as an Introduction to Rhetoric, which includes a discussion on how to use a documentary to examine visual rhetoric, means of persuasion (logos, ethos, pathos), and find examples of fallacies.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**PASSAGES FROM EXAMS**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Florence Kelley speech (from first rhetorical analysis) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">some classes: Marian Evan Lewes letter (from 2nd rhetorical analysis) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">some classes: William Hazlitt essay "On the Want of Money" (from 2nd rhetorical analysis)

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Joan Didion essay on the Santa Ana winds <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nancy Mairs excerpt "On Being a Cripple" (from mock exam rhetorical analysis)

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**Booklets on AP Central**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">Reading and Writing Analytically <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">Using Sources <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">Writing Persuasively >
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">includes strategies and terms for the multiple choice portion
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">discusses specific sample rhetorical analysis essays (especially what differentiates low from high scoring essays)
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">outlines rhetorical analysis and give specific tips
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">includes synthesis activities such as "create your own synthesis question" activity (resulting in question on "Truth in Memoir")
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">discusses how to do multiple choice questions that ask about footnotes and sources
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">gives specific advice for analyzing visual rhetoric
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">explains link between the synthesis question and doing research
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Toulmin Model and examples: page 23
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">advice for writing the argument essay

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**Some classes**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">//(ask Ms. Cohen if you want a copy of something another class read)// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">//Understanding Comics//, chapter 2, "The Vocabulary of Comics" (Scott McCloud) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">"The Death of Benny Paret" (Norman Mailer)

toc =<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**Figurative Language Terms** = <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">***Also see visual examples, mostly from block 6**

The 3 Most Common Uses of Irony Useful packet of rhetorical terms defined Glossary of Literary Terms from Gale A Handbook of Rhetorical Devices from VirtualSalt

=<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**Register in general** = <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Formality spectrum] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Language Registers: Static, Formal, Consultative, Casual, Intimate] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|More on Language Registers and these 5 types] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">[|from Register_sociolinguistics] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Levels of Formality from the OWL at Purdue] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Formal and informal language and style] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Diction: Avoiding slang, jargon, and cliche]

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**Controversy!** <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|African American English is Not Slang] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|On dialect, slang, standard, and variety] =<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**REGISTER TYPES** =

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**LONG DEFINITIONS**
<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">(see the websites) <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**informal and formal** <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">from <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|The Guide: SUNY Geneseo's Writing Guide, "Formal and Informal Writing"] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|"Formal Style" at Grammar at About.com] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> and <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Informal Style] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**slang**: from <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Vocabulogic]

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**SHORT DEFINITIONS**
<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">from <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Using English Glossary] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**colloquial** Colloquial language is informal language that is not rude, but would not be used in formal situations. It is less unacceptable than Slang & Swear Words. A colloquialism is an informal expression, that is, an expression not used in formal speech or writing.

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**jargon** Jargon is the language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest: lawyers, computer programmers, criminals, etc. All have specialised terms and expressions that they use, many of which may not be comprehensible to the outsider. They may also use familiar words with different meanings as well as abbreviations, acronyms etc.

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">from <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Literary Terms and Definitions at Dr. Wheeler's website] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">: <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**slang** Informal diction or the use of vocabulary considered inconsistent with the preferred formal wording common among the educated or elite in a culture. For instance, formal wording might require a message such as this one: "Greetings. How are my people doing?" The slang version might be as follows: "Yo. Whassup with my peeps?"

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**jargon** Potentially confusing words and phrases used in an occupation, trade, or field of study. We might speak of medical jargon, sports jargon, pedagogic jargon, police jargon, or military jargon, for instance.

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**colloquialism** A word or phrase used everyday in plain and relaxed speech, but rarely found in formal writing. (Compare with cliché, jargon and slang.)

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**taboo** (also spelled tabu): <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">(1) In anthropology, a taboo is a socially prohibited activity. For instance, in classical Greek culture, it was forbidden for a murderer or menstruating woman to enter the sacred space of a temple or the central agora of a city beyond a temenos boundary lest that action spread contagious miasma. <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">(2) A linguistic taboo is a social prohibition that forbids mentioning a word or subject. Commonly, various cultures might have taboos against mentioning bodily fluids, defecation, certain sexual activities, or certain religious terms. These terms often suffer linguistic pejoration and become "curse-words." For instance, in Britain, the adjective bloody is considered taboo or impolite to speak aloud as a curse word because of its older religious connotations as a medieval curse about the blood of Christ's wounds. In American English, words describing specific sexual activities or bodily functions usually are taboo for polite conversation, and so on.

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">from <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Macmillan Dictionary/Thesaurus "Words Used to Describe Writing or Speech Style] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**conversational** a conversational style of writing or speaking is informal, like a private conversation

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**literary** <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">(1) involving books or the activity of writing, reading, or studying books <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">(2) relating to the kind of words that are used only in stories or poems, and not in normal writing or speech

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**informal** used about language or behaviour that is suitable for using with friends but not in formal situations

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**formal** correct or conservative in style, and suitable for official or serious situations or occasions

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**old-fashioned** <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|List of synonyms for "old-fashioned"] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">see also <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|archaism]

=**<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">More Links **= <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Glossary of rhetorical terms from Wikipedia] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Figures, Tropes, and Other Rhetorical Terms] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #336699; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small; text-decoration: none;">[|Glossary of English Grammar Terms] <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">*please note: some of these resources are from England, i.e. there are British, not American, spellings of words.

=<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**Visual Examples** =  //**from block 6 (see more in their discussion thread)**// <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**Syntax** <span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">


 * Slang**

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 * Satire**


 * Loose Sentence**

<span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">**Allusion**